Assignment 3

1. Relative Clauses
Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who*, that, which, whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun that precedes them.
Relative pronouns are associated as follows with their preceding noun:
A person who(m)/that, whose
A thing which/that, whose
The relative pronouns where and when are used with place and time nouns
The relative pronoun whose is used in place of the possessive pronoun. It must be  followed by a noun.
Relative clauses which give extra information, as in the example sentences above, must be separated off by commas. The relative pronoun that cannot be used to introduce an extra-information (non-defining) clause about a person.

Who : subject or object pronoun for people.
Which : subject or object pronoun for animals and things and referring to a whole sentence.
Whose : possession for people animals and things.
Whom : object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who).
That : subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible).
When (in/on which) : refers to a time expression
Where (in/at which) : refers to a place
Why (for which) : refers to a reason

EXAMPLES :
1. I told you about the woman who lives next door.
2. Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
3. Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
4. I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
5. I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.
6. The day when we met him.
7. The place where I went with my family.
8. The reason why she did not come.

2. Conditional Sentences
Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.

There are three types of conditional sentences:
1. First Conditional
Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example :
1. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
2. If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.
3. If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
4. If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
5. If you make a mistake, someone will let you know.

2. Second Conditional
Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations. It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example :
1. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
2. If I became president, I would change the social security system.
3. If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching.
4. If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.
5. If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.

3. Third Conditional
Nature: unreal . It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example :
1. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.
2. If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.
3. If you had called me, I would have come.
4. If you had done your job properly, we wouldn't be in this mess now.
5. If you had warned me, I would not be in prison.